Red Data Book of Latvia

Content of the Red Data Book of Latvia is not constant as the protection status of plants is changing – some species get removed from the list, while new species take their place. From the total of 319 red-listed plants of recent Red Data Book of Latvia (Andrušaitis, 2003) there are 83 species growing in the Botanical Garden. Following the classification, botanists use an old "numerical" ranking system of protection categories based on subjective "expert knowledge": 0 – Probably Extinct, 1 – Endangered, 2 – Vulnerable, 3 – Rare, 4 – Data Deficient.

 

LATIN NAME

LATVIAN NAME

ENGLISH NAME

CONSERVATION STATUS

1

Aconitum lasiostomum

dzeltenā kurpīte

 

1

2

Ajuga genevensis

Ženēvas cekuliņš

Standing Bugle

2

3

Alliaria petiolata

kātainā ķiplocene

Garlic Mustard

3

4

Allium schoenoprasum

maurloks

Chives

3

5

Allium scorodoprasum

ķiploku sīpols

Sand Leek

3

6

Allium ursinum

laksis

Ramsons

3

7

Allium vineale

vīnkalnu sīpols

Wild Onion

3

8

Alopecurus arundinaceus

niedru lapsaste

Creeping Foxtail

3

9

Alyssum gmelinii

Gmelina alise

Mountain Alison

3

10

Anemone sylvestris

meža vizbulis

Snowdrop Windflower

4

11

Arenaria procera

zāļlapu smiltenīte

 

2

12

Armeria maritima

jūrmalas armērija

Sea Thrift

1

13

Armeria vulgaris

parastā armērija

Tall Thrift

1

14

Asperula tinctoria

krāsu miešķis

Dyer's Woodruff

1

15

Astrantia major

lielā zvaigznīte

Astrantia

2

16

Betula nana

pundurbērzs

Dwarf Birch

2

17

Cardamine hirsuta

skarbā ķērsa

Hairy Bitter-Cress

1

18

Carex montana

kalnu grīslis

Soft-Leaved Sedge

3

19

Carex ornithopoda

pleznveida grīslis

Bird’s-Foot Sedge

3

20

Carpinus betulus

parastais skābardis

Hornbeam

2

21

Ceratophyllum submersum

pusgrimusī raglape

Soft Hornwort

2

22

Corynephorus canescens

iesirmā kāpsmildzene

Grey Hair-Grass

3

23

Crambe maritima

jūrmalas sālsķērsa

Sea-Kale

1

24

Crepis praemorsa

krūmu cietpiene

Hawk’s-Beard

3

25

Dactylorhiza baltica

Baltijas dzegužpirkstīte

Baltic Marsh-Orchid

4

26

Delphinium elatum

augstais gaiļpiesis

Candle Larkspur

2

27

Digitalis grandiflora

lielziedu uzpirkstīte

Big-Flowered Foxglove

3

28

Diphasiastrum complanatum

parastais plakanstaipeknis

Flattened Clubmoss

4

29

Diphasiastrum tristachyum

trejvārpu plakanstaipeknis

Three-Shaped Clubmoss

4

30

Dracocephalum ruyschiana

Ruiša pūķgalve

Northern Dragon-Head

2

31

Equisetum telmateia

lielā kosa

Great Horsetail

1

32

Erica tetralix

grīņa sārtene

Cross-Leaved Heath

1

33

Eryngium maritimum

jūrmalas zilpodze

Sea-Holly

1

34

Euphorbia palustris

purva dievkrēsliņš

Bog Spurge

2

35

Gentiana cruciata

krustlapu drudzene

Cross Gentian

3

36

Geranium bohemicum

Bohēmijas gandrene

 

2

37

Geranium molle

mīkstā gandrene

Dove’s-Foot Crane’s-Bill

1

38

Gratiola officinalis

ārstniecības rūgtene

Drug Hedge Hyssop

2

39

Gypsophila paniculata

skarainā ģipsene

Baby’s Breath

2

40

Hedera helix var. baltica

Baltijas parastā efeja

Baltic Ivy

1

41

Helianthemum nummularium

naudiņu saulrozīte

Common Rock-Rose

3

42

Huperzia selago

apdzira

Fir Clubmoss

4

43

Hypericum hirsutum

pūkainā asinszāle

Hairy St John’s-Wort

3

44

Iris sibirica

Sibīrijas skalbe

Siberian Iris

2

45

Laserpitium latifolium

platlapu bezgale

Broad-Leaved Laserwort

3

46

Lathyrus maritimus

jūrmalas dedestiņa

Sea Pea

2

47

Lathyrus niger

melnējošā dedestiņa

Black Pea

3

48

Ligularia sibirica

Sibīrijas mēlziede

Siberian Ligularia

1

49

Lithospermum officinale

ārstniecības cietsēkle

Common Gromwell

2

50

Lonicera pallasii

Pallasa sausserdis

 

3

51

Lunaria rediviva

daudzgadīgā mēnesene

Perennial Honesty

4

52

Lycopodium clavatum

vālīšu staipeknis

Stag’s-Horn Clubmoss

4

53

Myosotis sparsiflora

sīkziedu neaizmirstule

 

3

54

Myrica gale

parastā purvmirte

Bog-Myrtle

3

55

Onobrychis arenaria

smiltāja esparsete

Hungarian Sainfoin

2

56

Pentaphylloides fruticosa

krūma čuža

Shrubby Cinquefoil

1

57

Peucedanum oreoselinum

kalnu rūgtdille

 

3

58

Pimpinella major

lielā noraga

Greater Burnet-Saxifrage

3

59

Platanthera bifolia

smaržīgā naktsvijole

Lesser Butterfly-Orchid

4

60

Polygonatum verticillatum

mieturu mugurene

Whorled Solomon’s-Seal

3

61

Polystichum braunii

Brauna cietpaparde

Braun’s Shield-Fern

1

62

Potentilla crantzii

Kranca retējs

Alpine Cinquefoil

1

63

Prunella grandiflora

lielziedu brūngalvīte

Big-Flowered Selfheal

1

64

Pulsatilla patens

meža silpurene

Spreading Pasqueflower

4

65

Pulsatilla pratensis

pļavas silpurene

Meadow Pasqueflower

4

66

Ranunculus bulbosus

sīpoliņu gundega

Bulbous Buttercup

3

67

Rosa mollis

mīkstā roze

Soft Downy-Rose

3

68

Rosa rubiginosa

smaržlapu roze

Sweet-Briar

3

69

Sanguisorba officinalis

ārstniecības brūnvālīte

Great Burnet

2

70

Scrophularia umbrosa

spārnainā cūknātre

Green Figwort

1

71

Serratula tinctoria

krāsu zeltlape

Saw-Wort

3

72

Seseli libanotis

briežsakņu sesele

Moon Carrot

3

73

Silene otites

ausainā plaukšķene

Spanish Catchfly

2

74

Silene tatarica

Tatārijas plaukšķene

Tatarian Catchfly

3

75

Sorbus intermedia

Zviedrijas pīlādzis

Swedish Whitebeam

1

76

Taxus baccata

parastā īve

Yew

1

77

Teucrium chamaedrys

ozollapu embotiņš

Wall Germander

0

78

Trifolium alpestre

Alpu āboliņš

Trefoil Clover

2

79

Trifolium campestre

lauka āboliņš

Hop Trefoil

3

80

Trifolium dubium

sīkais āboliņš

Lesser Trefoil

3

81

Trifolium fragiferum

zemeņu āboliņš

Strawberry Clover

1

82

Valerianella locusta

salātu baldriņš

Common Cornsalad

1

83

Vincetoxicum hirundinaria

baltziedu indaine

White Swallow-Wort

3

   

  

IUCN Red List

More than 18,000 herb and tree species are protected under the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). There are 36 tropical and subtropical species from this list represented in the Botanical Garden.

Due to constantly increasing number of human population which causes negative pressure on nature, living space for wild species becomes scarcer every year. Tree cutting in tropical forests, agriculture in savannah, high pollution level in natural habitats are only some examples of significant threat on living organism existence in their natural living space. 

Species are classified by the IUCN Red List into nine groups, specified through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmentation.

  • Extinct (EX) – beyond reasonable doubt that the species is no longer extant.
  • Extinct in the wild (EW) – survives only in captivity, cultivation and/or outside native range, as presumed after exhaustive surveys.
  • Critically endangered (CR) – in a particularly and extremely critical state.
  • Endangered (EN) – very high risk of extinction in the wild, meets any of criteria A to E for Endangered.
  • Vulnerable (VU) – meets one of the 5 red list criteria and thus considered to be at high risk of unnatural (human-caused) extinction without further human intervention.
  • Near threatened (NT) – close to being at high risk of extinction in the near future.
  • Least concern (LC) – unlikely to become extinct in the near future.
  • Data deficient (DD)
  • Not evaluated (NE)
 

 

LATIN NAME

LATVIAN NAME

ENGLISH NAME

CONSERVATION STATUS

1

Abeliophyllum distichum

divrindu abēlijlape

Korean Abelialeaf

EN

2

Abies homolepis

vienādzvīņu baltegle

Nikko Fir

NT

3

Aesculus hippocastanum

parastā zirgkastaņa

Horse-Chestnut

VU

4

Araucaria bidwilli

Bidvila araukārija

Bunya Pine

LC

5

Araucaria heterophylla

dažādlapu araukārija

Norfolk Pine

VU

6

Astrophytum asterias

zvaigznes astrofīts

Star Cactus

VU

7

Astrophytum coahuilense

Koavilas astrofīts

 

VU

8

Astrophytum ornatum

greznais astrofīts

Bishop's Cap

VU

9

Ceratozamia mexicana

Meksikas ceratozāmija

 

VU

10

Cercidiphyllum japonicum

Japānas katsura

Katsura

NT

11

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana

Losena paciprese

Lawson Cypress

NT

12

Dracaena draco

pūķkoks

Canary Islands Dragon Tree

VU

13

Echinocactus grusonii

Gruzona ehinokaktuss

Golden Barrel Cactus

EN

14

Euphorbia leuconeura

baltdzīslu eiforbija

Madagascar Jewel

VU

15

Forsythia ovata

olveida forsītija

Korean Forsythia

EN

16

Ginkgo biloba

divdaivu ginks

Ginkgo

EN

17

Lophophora williamsii

Viljama lofofora

Peyote

VU

18

Magnolia cylindrica

Huanga magnolija

Huangshan Magnolia

VU

19

Magnolia stellata

zvaigžņu magnolija

Star Magnolia

EN

20

Magnolia wilsonii

Vilsona magnolija

Wilson's Magnolia

NT

21

Mammillaria longimamma

garpupu mamilārija

 

VU

22

Metasequoia glyptostroboides

Ķīnas metasekvoja

Dawn Redwood

EN

23

Picea omorika

Serbijas egle

Serbian Spruce

EN

24

Pinus peuce

Rumēlijas priede

Balkan Pine

NT

25

Pseudotsuga japonica

Japānas duglāzija

Japanese Douglas-Fir

EN

26

Rhipsalis mesembryanthemoides

pusdienziedu ripsālis

 

CR

27

Rhipsalis pilocarpa

matainais ripsālis

Hairy-Fruited Wickerware Cactus

VU

28

Rhododendron myrtifolium

miršlapu rododendrs

 

EN

29

Sabal bermudana

Bermuda sabalpalma

Bermuda Palmetto

EN

30

Sequoia sempervirens

mūžzaļā sekvoja

California Redwood

EN

31

Stangeria eriopus

villainā stangērija

Cycad

VU

32

Thuja koraiensis

Korejas tūja

Korean Arborvitae

VU

33

Tillandsia cyanea

tumšzilā tilandsija

Pink Quill

NT

34

Tsuga canadensis

Kanādas hemlokegle

Canadian Hemlock

NT

35

Vanilla planifolia

plakanlapu vaniļa

Flat-Leaved Vanilla

EN

36

Wollemia nobilis

dižā volemija

Wollemi Pine

CR