Red Data Book of Latvia
Content of the Red Data Book of Latvia is not constant as the protection status of plants is changing – some species get removed from the list, while new species take their place. From the total of 319 red-listed plants of recent Red Data Book of Latvia (Andrušaitis, 2003) there are 83 species growing in the Botanical Garden. Following the classification, botanists use an old "numerical" ranking system of protection categories based on subjective "expert knowledge": 0 – Probably Extinct, 1 – Endangered, 2 – Vulnerable, 3 – Rare, 4 – Data Deficient.
| LATIN NAME | LATVIAN NAME | ENGLISH NAME | CONSERVATION STATUS |
1 | Aconitum lasiostomum | dzeltenā kurpīte |
| 1 |
2 | Ajuga genevensis | Ženēvas cekuliņš | Standing Bugle | 2 |
3 | Alliaria petiolata | kātainā ķiplocene | Garlic Mustard | 3 |
4 | Allium schoenoprasum | maurloks | Chives | 3 |
5 | Allium scorodoprasum | ķiploku sīpols | Sand Leek | 3 |
6 | Allium ursinum | laksis | Ramsons | 3 |
7 | Allium vineale | vīnkalnu sīpols | Wild Onion | 3 |
8 | Alopecurus arundinaceus | niedru lapsaste | Creeping Foxtail | 3 |
9 | Alyssum gmelinii | Gmelina alise | Mountain Alison | 3 |
10 | Anemone sylvestris | meža vizbulis | Snowdrop Windflower | 4 |
11 | Arenaria procera | zāļlapu smiltenīte |
| 2 |
12 | Armeria maritima | jūrmalas armērija | Sea Thrift | 1 |
13 | Armeria vulgaris | parastā armērija | Tall Thrift | 1 |
14 | Asperula tinctoria | krāsu miešķis | Dyer's Woodruff | 1 |
15 | Astrantia major | lielā zvaigznīte | Astrantia | 2 |
16 | Betula nana | pundurbērzs | Dwarf Birch | 2 |
17 | Cardamine hirsuta | skarbā ķērsa | Hairy Bitter-Cress | 1 |
18 | Carex montana | kalnu grīslis | Soft-Leaved Sedge | 3 |
19 | Carex ornithopoda | pleznveida grīslis | Bird’s-Foot Sedge | 3 |
20 | Carpinus betulus | parastais skābardis | Hornbeam | 2 |
21 | Ceratophyllum submersum | pusgrimusī raglape | Soft Hornwort | 2 |
22 | Corynephorus canescens | iesirmā kāpsmildzene | Grey Hair-Grass | 3 |
23 | Crambe maritima | jūrmalas sālsķērsa | Sea-Kale | 1 |
24 | Crepis praemorsa | krūmu cietpiene | Hawk’s-Beard | 3 |
25 | Dactylorhiza baltica | Baltijas dzegužpirkstīte | Baltic Marsh-Orchid | 4 |
26 | Delphinium elatum | augstais gaiļpiesis | Candle Larkspur | 2 |
27 | Digitalis grandiflora | lielziedu uzpirkstīte | Big-Flowered Foxglove | 3 |
28 | Diphasiastrum complanatum | parastais plakanstaipeknis | Flattened Clubmoss | 4 |
29 | Diphasiastrum tristachyum | trejvārpu plakanstaipeknis | Three-Shaped Clubmoss | 4 |
30 | Dracocephalum ruyschiana | Ruiša pūķgalve | Northern Dragon-Head | 2 |
31 | Equisetum telmateia | lielā kosa | Great Horsetail | 1 |
32 | Erica tetralix | grīņa sārtene | Cross-Leaved Heath | 1 |
33 | Eryngium maritimum | jūrmalas zilpodze | Sea-Holly | 1 |
34 | Euphorbia palustris | purva dievkrēsliņš | Bog Spurge | 2 |
35 | Gentiana cruciata | krustlapu drudzene | Cross Gentian | 3 |
36 | Geranium bohemicum | Bohēmijas gandrene |
| 2 |
37 | Geranium molle | mīkstā gandrene | Dove’s-Foot Crane’s-Bill | 1 |
38 | Gratiola officinalis | ārstniecības rūgtene | Drug Hedge Hyssop | 2 |
39 | Gypsophila paniculata | skarainā ģipsene | Baby’s Breath | 2 |
40 | Hedera helix var. baltica | Baltijas parastā efeja | Baltic Ivy | 1 |
41 | Helianthemum nummularium | naudiņu saulrozīte | Common Rock-Rose | 3 |
42 | Huperzia selago | apdzira | Fir Clubmoss | 4 |
43 | Hypericum hirsutum | pūkainā asinszāle | Hairy St John’s-Wort | 3 |
44 | Iris sibirica | Sibīrijas skalbe | Siberian Iris | 2 |
45 | Laserpitium latifolium | platlapu bezgale | Broad-Leaved Laserwort | 3 |
46 | Lathyrus maritimus | jūrmalas dedestiņa | Sea Pea | 2 |
47 | Lathyrus niger | melnējošā dedestiņa | Black Pea | 3 |
48 | Ligularia sibirica | Sibīrijas mēlziede | Siberian Ligularia | 1 |
49 | Lithospermum officinale | ārstniecības cietsēkle | Common Gromwell | 2 |
50 | Lonicera pallasii | Pallasa sausserdis |
| 3 |
51 | Lunaria rediviva | daudzgadīgā mēnesene | Perennial Honesty | 4 |
52 | Lycopodium clavatum | vālīšu staipeknis | Stag’s-Horn Clubmoss | 4 |
53 | Myosotis sparsiflora | sīkziedu neaizmirstule |
| 3 |
54 | Myrica gale | parastā purvmirte | Bog-Myrtle | 3 |
55 | Onobrychis arenaria | smiltāja esparsete | Hungarian Sainfoin | 2 |
56 | Pentaphylloides fruticosa | krūma čuža | Shrubby Cinquefoil | 1 |
57 | Peucedanum oreoselinum | kalnu rūgtdille |
| 3 |
58 | Pimpinella major | lielā noraga | Greater Burnet-Saxifrage | 3 |
59 | Platanthera bifolia | smaržīgā naktsvijole | Lesser Butterfly-Orchid | 4 |
60 | Polygonatum verticillatum | mieturu mugurene | Whorled Solomon’s-Seal | 3 |
61 | Polystichum braunii | Brauna cietpaparde | Braun’s Shield-Fern | 1 |
62 | Potentilla crantzii | Kranca retējs | Alpine Cinquefoil | 1 |
63 | Prunella grandiflora | lielziedu brūngalvīte | Big-Flowered Selfheal | 1 |
64 | Pulsatilla patens | meža silpurene | Spreading Pasqueflower | 4 |
65 | Pulsatilla pratensis | pļavas silpurene | Meadow Pasqueflower | 4 |
66 | Ranunculus bulbosus | sīpoliņu gundega | Bulbous Buttercup | 3 |
67 | Rosa mollis | mīkstā roze | Soft Downy-Rose | 3 |
68 | Rosa rubiginosa | smaržlapu roze | Sweet-Briar | 3 |
69 | Sanguisorba officinalis | ārstniecības brūnvālīte | Great Burnet | 2 |
70 | Scrophularia umbrosa | spārnainā cūknātre | Green Figwort | 1 |
71 | Serratula tinctoria | krāsu zeltlape | Saw-Wort | 3 |
72 | Seseli libanotis | briežsakņu sesele | Moon Carrot | 3 |
73 | Silene otites | ausainā plaukšķene | Spanish Catchfly | 2 |
74 | Silene tatarica | Tatārijas plaukšķene | Tatarian Catchfly | 3 |
75 | Sorbus intermedia | Zviedrijas pīlādzis | Swedish Whitebeam | 1 |
76 | Taxus baccata | parastā īve | Yew | 1 |
77 | Teucrium chamaedrys | ozollapu embotiņš | Wall Germander | 0 |
78 | Trifolium alpestre | Alpu āboliņš | Trefoil Clover | 2 |
79 | Trifolium campestre | lauka āboliņš | Hop Trefoil | 3 |
80 | Trifolium dubium | sīkais āboliņš | Lesser Trefoil | 3 |
81 | Trifolium fragiferum | zemeņu āboliņš | Strawberry Clover | 1 |
82 | Valerianella locusta | salātu baldriņš | Common Cornsalad | 1 |
83 | Vincetoxicum hirundinaria | baltziedu indaine | White Swallow-Wort | 3 |
IUCN Red List
More than 18,000 herb and tree species are protected under the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). There are 36 tropical and subtropical species from this list represented in the Botanical Garden.
Due to constantly increasing number of human population which causes negative pressure on nature, living space for wild species becomes scarcer every year. Tree cutting in tropical forests, agriculture in savannah, high pollution level in natural habitats are only some examples of significant threat on living organism existence in their natural living space.
Species are classified by the IUCN Red List into nine groups, specified through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmentation.
- Extinct (EX) – beyond reasonable doubt that the species is no longer extant.
- Extinct in the wild (EW) – survives only in captivity, cultivation and/or outside native range, as presumed after exhaustive surveys.
- Critically endangered (CR) – in a particularly and extremely critical state.
- Endangered (EN) – very high risk of extinction in the wild, meets any of criteria A to E for Endangered.
- Vulnerable (VU) – meets one of the 5 red list criteria and thus considered to be at high risk of unnatural (human-caused) extinction without further human intervention.
- Near threatened (NT) – close to being at high risk of extinction in the near future.
- Least concern (LC) – unlikely to become extinct in the near future.
- Data deficient (DD)
- Not evaluated (NE)
| LATIN NAME | LATVIAN NAME | ENGLISH NAME | CONSERVATION STATUS |
1 | Abeliophyllum distichum | divrindu abēlijlape | Korean Abelialeaf | EN |
2 | Abies homolepis | vienādzvīņu baltegle | Nikko Fir | NT |
3 | Aesculus hippocastanum | parastā zirgkastaņa | Horse-Chestnut | VU |
4 | Araucaria bidwilli | Bidvila araukārija | Bunya Pine | LC |
5 | Araucaria heterophylla | dažādlapu araukārija | Norfolk Pine | VU |
6 | Astrophytum asterias | zvaigznes astrofīts | Star Cactus | VU |
7 | Astrophytum coahuilense | Koavilas astrofīts |
| VU |
8 | Astrophytum ornatum | greznais astrofīts | Bishop's Cap | VU |
9 | Ceratozamia mexicana | Meksikas ceratozāmija |
| VU |
10 | Cercidiphyllum japonicum | Japānas katsura | Katsura | NT |
11 | Chamaecyparis lawsoniana | Losena paciprese | Lawson Cypress | NT |
12 | Dracaena draco | pūķkoks | Canary Islands Dragon Tree | VU |
13 | Echinocactus grusonii | Gruzona ehinokaktuss | Golden Barrel Cactus | EN |
14 | Euphorbia leuconeura | baltdzīslu eiforbija | Madagascar Jewel | VU |
15 | Forsythia ovata | olveida forsītija | Korean Forsythia | EN |
16 | Ginkgo biloba | divdaivu ginks | Ginkgo | EN |
17 | Lophophora williamsii | Viljama lofofora | Peyote | VU |
18 | Magnolia cylindrica | Huanga magnolija | Huangshan Magnolia | VU |
19 | Magnolia stellata | zvaigžņu magnolija | Star Magnolia | EN |
20 | Magnolia wilsonii | Vilsona magnolija | Wilson's Magnolia | NT |
21 | Mammillaria longimamma | garpupu mamilārija |
| VU |
22 | Metasequoia glyptostroboides | Ķīnas metasekvoja | Dawn Redwood | EN |
23 | Picea omorika | Serbijas egle | Serbian Spruce | EN |
24 | Pinus peuce | Rumēlijas priede | Balkan Pine | NT |
25 | Pseudotsuga japonica | Japānas duglāzija | Japanese Douglas-Fir | EN |
26 | Rhipsalis mesembryanthemoides | pusdienziedu ripsālis |
| CR |
27 | Rhipsalis pilocarpa | matainais ripsālis | Hairy-Fruited Wickerware Cactus | VU |
28 | Rhododendron myrtifolium | miršlapu rododendrs |
| EN |
29 | Sabal bermudana | Bermuda sabalpalma | Bermuda Palmetto | EN |
30 | Sequoia sempervirens | mūžzaļā sekvoja | California Redwood | EN |
31 | Stangeria eriopus | villainā stangērija | Cycad | VU |
32 | Thuja koraiensis | Korejas tūja | Korean Arborvitae | VU |
33 | Tillandsia cyanea | tumšzilā tilandsija | Pink Quill | NT |
34 | Tsuga canadensis | Kanādas hemlokegle | Canadian Hemlock | NT |
35 | Vanilla planifolia | plakanlapu vaniļa | Flat-Leaved Vanilla | EN |
36 | Wollemia nobilis | dižā volemija | Wollemi Pine | CR |